Uri Caine - Passion of Octavius Catto

Referencing the Passion as a classical form served as a format to include the orchestra, chorus and Caine’s trio but also provided Caine with a way to include the Gospel sacred music tradition as well as Gospel’s historical connection to Classical music. African-American performers trained in the Gospel music tradition have embraced the Classical music idiom when those opportunities presented themselves. The choral duties for The Passion of Octavius Catto were undertaken by Dr. Jay Fluellen, a fixture on the greater Philadelphia performing arts scene as a choral and music director, educator, producer, keyboardist and composer. Similarly, Barbara Walker, the soloist on this recording, has worked in multiple genres of music on stage, in theater, film, and television.

For the recording, the highly regarded New York choral director and producer Nedra Neal was brought in to supplement the Philadelphia based singers. The orchestra is enthusiastically led by André Raphel who has served as a guest conductor for major orchestras across America, including the Philadelphia Orchestra at the Mann Center where The Passion of Octavius Catto was commissioned and first performed.

Caine was familiar with the general outlines of Octavius Catto’s story having grown up in Philadelphia. His understanding and appreciation of the activist’s life deepened after reading the biography Tasting Freedom written by Daniel Biddle and Murray Dubin. Following an opening prologue, Caine selects key events from the mid-19th century around which he creates representative compositions. Pennsylvania Hall, built by the Anti-Slavery Society, opened in May of 1838 for a three-day convention for Abolitionists. Enraged by the convention and those in attendance, an angry mob formed outside the hall and burned it to the ground.

“Prologue, The Burning of Pennsylvania Hall,” and succeeding chapters in Octavius Catto’s life are selected by Caine and composed for various combinations of lyrics and instrumentation for piano and jazz trio, solo and gospel voices, and orchestra and chorus. Two speeches made by Catto are the inspiration for “No East No West.” A third Catto speech advocating for voting equality is the inspiration for “There Must Come A Change.” And a fourth, “The Philadelphia Street Car Protest of 1867,” is drawn from the protest for equal access to streetcars. Caine reserves one chapter in the “Passion” devoted to Catto’s triumphs on the baseball diamond. In The Amendments, the choir and orchestra launch into a stirring performance referencing Catto’s fight to get the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments passed in the Pennsylvania state legislature. The piece is also a sly nod to Caine’s father, Burton Caine, a past president of the Philadelphia chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union. The final three chapters ofThe Passion of Octavius Catto are titled “Murder,” “Caroline Le Count’s Lament,” and “The Martyr Rests.”

“Catto’s struggle in the 1860s is the same struggle we face today–to strive to create a country that lives up to its creed that all men and women are equal under the law,” says Caine. “His life continues to inspire us to fight against racism and intolerance.”